Yanke Laser fasaha ce da ke amfani da Laser don vaporation kayan, wanda ya haifar da yanke baki.Duk da yake yawanci ana amfani da shi don aikace-aikacen masana'antu, yanzu ana amfani da shi ta hanyar makarantu, ƙananan kasuwanci, gine-gine, da masu sha'awar sha'awa.Yanke Laser yana aiki ta hanyar jagorantar fitarwa na babban ƙarfin Laser mafi yawanci ta hanyar gani.Ana amfani da Laser Optics da CNC (ikon ƙididdiga na kwamfuta) don jagorantar katako na laser zuwa kayan.Laser kasuwanci don yankan kayan yana amfani da tsarin sarrafa motsi don bin CNC ko G-code na ƙirar da za a yanke akan kayan.Laser da aka mayar da hankali kan kayan yana jagorantar kayan, wanda sannan ko dai ya narke, konewa, ya ɓace, ko kuma jet na iskar gas ya busa shi,[1] yana barin gefe tare da ingantaccen ƙasa mai inganci.
Tarihi
A cikin 1965, na'urar yankan Laser ta farko da aka yi amfani da ita don haƙa ramuka a cikin mutuwar lu'u-lu'u.Cibiyar Binciken Injiniyan Lantarki ta Yamma ce ta yi wannan na'ura.[3]A cikin 1967, Birtaniyya ta fara aikin yankan jet na iskar oxygen ta Laser.[4]A farkon shekarun 1970, an sanya wannan fasaha don samar da titanium don aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya.A lokaci guda kuma, CO2 lasers an daidaita su don yanke waɗanda ba ƙarfe ba, kamar su yadi, saboda, a lokacin, CO2 lasers ba su da ƙarfin da za su iya shawo kan yanayin zafi na ƙarfe.[5].
Tsari
Masana'antu Laser sabon karfe tare da yanke umarnin shirye ta hanyar CNC dubawa
Hasken Laser gabaɗaya yana mai da hankali ne ta amfani da ruwan tabarau mai inganci akan yankin aiki.Ingancin katako yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan girman tabo da aka mayar da hankali.Mafi ƙanƙanta ɓangaren katako mai mayar da hankali gabaɗaya bai wuce inci 0.0125 (0.32 mm) a diamita.Ya danganta da kauri na abu, niɗin kerf ƙanƙanta kamar inci 0.004 (0.10 mm) yana yiwuwa.[6]Domin samun damar fara yankan daga wani wuri ban da gefen, ana yin huda kafin kowane yanke.Huda yawanci ya ƙunshi katako mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ke yin rami a cikin kayan a hankali, yana ɗaukar kusan daƙiƙa 5-15 don kauri 0.5-inch (13 mm) bakin karfe, misali.
Madaidaicin haskoki na haske mai daidaituwa daga tushen Laser galibi suna faɗuwa a cikin kewayo tsakanin 0.06-0.08 inci (1.5-2.0 mm) a diamita.Wannan katako yawanci yana mai da hankali ne kuma yana ƙaruwa da ruwan tabarau ko madubi zuwa ƙaramin tabo mai kusan inci 0.001 (0.025 mm) don ƙirƙirar katako mai tsananin ƙarfi.Domin cimma mafi kyawu mai yuwuwar gamawa yayin yankan kwane-kwane, tilas ne a jujjuya alkiblar ɓangarorin katako yayin da yake zagaya gefen wani kayan aikin kwane-kwane.Don yankan karfen takarda, tsayin mai da hankali yawanci shine inci 1.5-3 (38-76 mm).[7]
Amfanin yankan Laser akan yankan inji sun haɗa da sauƙin aiki da rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen aiki (tun da babu wani yanki wanda zai iya gurbata ta kayan ko gurɓata kayan).Madaidaici na iya zama mafi kyau, tun da katako na laser ba ya sawa yayin aiwatarwa.Hakanan ana samun raguwar damar warping kayan da ake yankewa, saboda tsarin laser yana da ƙaramin yanki da zafi ya shafa.[8]Wasu kayan kuma suna da wahala ko wuya a yanke su ta hanyoyin gargajiya.
Yanke Laser don karafa yana da fa'ida akan yankan plasma na kasancewa mafi daidai[9] da amfani da ƙarancin kuzari lokacin yanke ƙarfe;duk da haka, yawancin lasers na masana'antu ba za su iya yanke ta cikin mafi girman kauri wanda plasma zai iya ba.Sabbin injunan Laser da ke aiki da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (watt 6000, kamar yadda aka bambanta da na'urorin yankan Laser na farko' 1500 watt ratings) suna gabatowa injinan plasma a cikin ikon su na yanke ta cikin kayan kauri, amma babban kuɗin irin waɗannan injin ɗin ya fi na plasma girma. injin yankan masu iya yankan kayan kauri kamar farantin karfe.[10]
Nau'ukan
4000 watt CO2 Laser abun yanka
Akwai manyan nau'ikan laser guda uku da ake amfani da su wajen yankan Laser.Laser CO2 ya dace da yankan, gundura, da zane-zane.Neodymium (Nd) da neodymium yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) Laser ɗin sun yi kama da salo kuma sun bambanta kawai a aikace.Ana amfani da Nd don ban sha'awa kuma inda ake buƙatar babban ƙarfi amma ana buƙatar ƙaramin maimaitawa.Ana amfani da Nd: YAG Laser inda ake buƙatar ƙarfi sosai kuma don ban sha'awa da zane-zane.Dukansu CO2 da Nd/Nd:YAG Laser za a iya amfani da su don walda.[11]
CO2 Laser yawanci ana "tuba" ta hanyar wucewa ta halin yanzu ta hanyar haɗin gas (DC-ccited) ko amfani da makamashin mitar rediyo (RF-cika).Hanyar RF ta kasance sabuwa kuma ta zama mafi shahara.Tunda ƙirar DC tana buƙatar na'urorin lantarki a cikin rami, za su iya haɗu da yashwar lantarki da sanya kayan lantarki akan kayan gilashi da na gani.Tun da RF resonators suna da na'urorin lantarki na waje ba sa fuskantar waɗannan matsalolin.CO2 Laser ana amfani da masana'antu yankan da yawa kayan ciki har da titanium, bakin karfe, m karfe, aluminum, filastik, itace, injiniya itace, kakin zuma, yadudduka, da takarda.Ana amfani da laser na YAG da farko don yankewa da rubutun karafa da yumbu.[12]
Baya ga tushen wutar lantarki, nau'in kwararar iskar gas na iya shafar aikin kuma.Bambance-bambancen laser na CO2 na yau da kullun sun haɗa da saurin axial kwarara, jinkirin kwararar axial, kwarara mai juzu'i, da slab.A cikin resonator mai saurin axial flow resonator, cakuda carbon dioxide, helium da nitrogen ana zagayawa cikin babban sauri ta injin turbine ko busa.Laser masu juzu'i suna zagayawa ga mahaɗin gas a ƙananan gudu, suna buƙatar busa mai sauƙi.Slab ko watsawa sanyaya resonators suna da a tsaye filin gas wanda ba bukatar wani matsa lamba ko gilashin, haifar da tanadi a kan maye turbines da gilashin.
Injin Laser da na'urorin gani na waje (ciki har da ruwan tabarau na mai da hankali) suna buƙatar sanyaya.Dangane da girman tsarin da tsarin, zafin sharar gida na iya canjawa wuri ta mai sanyaya ko kai tsaye zuwa iska.Ruwa shine abin sanyaya da aka saba amfani dashi, yawanci ana zagayawa ta hanyar injin sanyaya ko canja wurin zafi.
Laser microjet Laser ne mai jagorar ruwa-jet wanda aka haɗa katakon Laser mai bugun jini a cikin jet ɗin ruwa mara ƙarfi.Ana amfani da wannan don yin ayyukan yankan Laser yayin amfani da jet na ruwa don jagorantar katako na Laser, kamar fiber na gani, ta hanyar duka tunani na ciki.Amfanin wannan shine cewa ruwa kuma yana cire tarkace kuma yana sanyaya kayan.Ƙarin fa'idodi akan yankan Laser na gargajiya na “bushe” shine babban saurin dicing, kerf iri ɗaya, da yankan ko'ina.[13]
Fiber Laser ne irin m jihar Laser da aka sauri girma a cikin karfe sabon masana'antu.Ba kamar CO2 ba, fasahar Fiber tana amfani da matsakaicin riba mai ƙarfi, sabanin gas ko ruwa."Laser iri" yana samar da katako na Laser sannan kuma ana ƙarawa a cikin fiber gilashi.Tare da tsayin daka na kawai 1064 nanometers fiber Laser samar da wani musamman kananan tabo size (har zuwa 100 sau karami idan aka kwatanta da CO2) yin shi manufa domin yankan haske karfe abu.Wannan yana daya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin Fiber idan aka kwatanta da CO2.[14]
Abubuwan da ake amfani da fiber Laser sun haɗa da:-
Lokutan sarrafawa cikin sauri.
Rage amfani da makamashi & lissafin kuɗi - saboda ingantaccen aiki.
Babban aminci da aiki - babu na'urorin gani don daidaitawa ko daidaitawa kuma babu fitulun da za su maye gurbin.
Karamin kulawa.
Ƙarfin sarrafa kayan aiki sosai kamar jan ƙarfe da tagulla
Haɓaka haɓaka - ƙananan farashin aiki yana ba da babbar riba ga jarin ku.[15]
Hanyoyin
Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban a yankan ta amfani da Laser, tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan da ake amfani da su don yanke abubuwa daban-daban.Wasu daga cikin hanyoyin sune tururi, narkewa da busa, narke busawa da ƙonawa, fashewar zafin zafi, rubutun rubutu, yankan sanyi da ƙona yankan Laser daidaitacce.
Yanke vaporization
A cikin vaporization yankan katakon da aka mai da hankali yana dumama saman kayan zuwa ma'anar walƙiya kuma yana haifar da rami mai maɓalli.Hoton maɓalli yana haifar da haɓaka kwatsam a cikin shayarwa da sauri zurfafa rami.Yayin da ramin ke zurfafawa kuma kayan ke tafasa, tururi da ke haifarwa na lalatar da narkakkar bangon da ke fitarwa da kuma ƙara faɗaɗa ramin.Abubuwan da ba narke kamar itace, carbon da robobin thermoset galibi ana yanke su ta wannan hanyar.
Narke da busa
Narkewa da busa ko yankan haɗakarwa yana amfani da iskar gas mai ƙarfi don busa narkakkar abu daga yankin yankan, yana rage ƙarfin da ake buƙata sosai.Da farko kayan yana zafi zuwa wurin narkewa sannan jet ɗin iskar gas ya busa narkakkar kayan daga cikin kerf yana guje wa buƙatar ƙara yawan zafin kayan.Abubuwan da aka yanke tare da wannan tsari yawanci ƙarfe ne.
Thermal danniya fatattaka
Kayayyakin karyewa suna da kulawa musamman ga karyewar zafin jiki, fasalin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen fashewar zafin zafi.An mai da hankali kan katako akan saman da ke haifar da dumama wuri da faɗaɗa zafi.Wannan yana haifar da fashewar da za'a iya jagoranta ta hanyar motsa katako.Ana iya matsar da tsagewar cikin tsari na m/s.Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi a yankan gilashi.
Stealth dicing na silicon wafers
Ƙarin bayani: Wafer dicing
Rabuwar kwakwalwan kwamfuta na microelectronic kamar yadda aka shirya a cikin ƙirƙira na'ura na semiconductor daga wafer siliki na iya yin abin da ake kira tsarin dicing stealth, wanda ke aiki tare da pulsed Nd: YAG Laser, tsayin daka (1064 nm) ya dace da na'urar lantarki. band rata na silicon (1.11 eV ko 1117 nm).
Yanke mai amsawa
Har ila yau ake kira "ƙona stabilized Laser gas yankan", "yanke harshen wuta".Yanke mai aiki kamar yankan fitilar oxygen ne amma tare da katako na Laser azaman tushen kunnawa.Mafi yawa ana amfani dashi don yankan karfen carbon a cikin kauri sama da 1 mm.Ana iya amfani da wannan tsari don yanke faranti na ƙarfe mai kauri sosai tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin laser kaɗan.
Tolerances da surface gama
Masu yankan Laser suna da daidaiton matsayi na micrometers 10 da maimaitawa na micrometers 5.
Daidaitaccen roughness Rz yana ƙaruwa tare da kauri na takarda, amma yana raguwa tare da ikon laser da yanke saurin.Lokacin yankan ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon tare da ikon laser na 800 W, daidaitaccen roughness Rz shine 10 μm don kauri na 1 mm, 20 μm don 3 mm, da 25 μm don 6 mm.
{\displaystyle Rz={\frac {12.528\cdot S^{0.542}}{P^{0.528}\cdot V^{0.322}}}}{\displaystyle Rz={\frac {12.528\cdot S^{0.542 } {P^{0.528}\cdot V^{0.322}}}
Inda: {\displaystyle S=}S= kauri mai kauri a mm;{\ displaystyle P=} P = wutar lantarki a cikin kW (wasu sabbin masu yankan laser suna da ikon laser na 4 kW);{\displaystyle V=}V= yankan gudun mita a cikin minti daya.[16]
Wannan tsari yana da ikon riƙe juriya na kusa, sau da yawa zuwa tsakanin 0.001 inch (0.025 mm).Sashe na lissafi da ingancin injin suna da alaƙa da ƙarfin juriya.Ƙarshen ƙarewa na yau da kullun da aka samu daga yankan katako na Laser na iya zuwa daga 125 zuwa 250 ƙananan inci (0.003 mm zuwa 0.006 mm).[11]
Tsarin injin
Dual-pallet flying optics Laser
Shugaban Laser Optics mai tashi
Akwai gaba ɗaya daban-daban guda uku na masana'antu Laser sabon inji: motsi abu, matasan, kuma yawo Optics tsarin.Waɗannan suna nufin hanyar da ake motsa katakon Laser akan kayan da za a yanke ko sarrafa su.Ga duk waɗannan, gatura na motsi galibi ana sanya su axis X da Y.Idan ana iya sarrafa kan yanke, an sanya shi azaman axis Z.
Laser kayan motsi suna da shugaban yankan tsaye kuma suna motsa kayan a ƙarƙashinsa.Wannan hanya tana ba da tazara mai nisa daga janareta na laser zuwa aikin aiki da kuma maki ɗaya daga abin da za a cire yankan ƙura.Yana buƙatar ƙananan na'urorin gani, amma yana buƙatar motsi kayan aikin.Wannan na'ura mai salo tana nuna mafi ƙarancin na'urorin isar da katako, amma kuma tana da'awar zama mafi hankali.
Na'urorin laser masu haɗaka suna ba da tebur wanda ke motsawa a cikin axis ɗaya (yawanci axis X) kuma yana motsa kai tare da guntun (Y).Wannan yana haifar da ƙarin tsayin hanyar isar da katako fiye da injin gani mai tashi kuma yana iya ba da izinin tsarin isar da katako mai sauƙi.Wannan na iya haifar da raguwar asarar wutar lantarki a tsarin isarwa da ƙarin ƙarfin kowace watt fiye da na'urorin gani masu tashi.
Laser na gani masu tashi sama suna nuna tebur tsaye da kuma yanke kai (tare da katako na Laser) wanda ke motsawa akan kayan aikin a duka matakan kwance.Masu yankan na'urorin gani masu tashi suna kiyaye aikin a tsaye yayin sarrafawa kuma galibi baya buƙatar ƙulla kayan aiki.Yawan motsi yana dawwama, don haka ƙarfin kuzari ba ya shafar girman girman aikin.Injin na'urorin gani masu tashi sune nau'in mafi sauri, wanda ke da fa'ida yayin yanke kayan aiki masu sirara.[17]
Dole ne injunan gani masu tashi ya yi amfani da wata hanya don la'akari da canjin tsayin katako daga filin kusa (kusa da resonator) yanke zuwa filin nesa (nisa da resonator) yankan.Hanyoyin gama gari don sarrafa wannan sun haɗa da haɗuwa, na'urori masu daidaitawa ko amfani da tsayayyen tsayin katako.
Na'urori biyar da shida kuma suna ba da izinin yanke kayan aikin da aka kafa.Bugu da kari, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na daidaita katakon Laser zuwa wani nau'i mai siffa, kiyaye nesa mai nisa da bututun ƙarfe, da dai sauransu.
Bugawa
Laser ƙwanƙwasa waɗanda ke ba da ƙarfin fashewar ƙarfi na ɗan gajeren lokaci suna da tasiri sosai a wasu hanyoyin yanke Laser, musamman don huda, ko kuma lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙananan ramuka ko ƙananan saurin yankewa, tunda idan an yi amfani da katako na laser akai-akai. zafi zai iya kaiwa ga narke duka yanki da aka yanke.
Yawancin lasers na masana'antu suna da ikon bugun jini ko yanke CW (ci gaba da igiyar ruwa) a ƙarƙashin kulawar shirin NC (lambobi).
Laser bugun bugun jini sau biyu suna amfani da jerin nau'ikan nau'ikan bugun jini don haɓaka ƙimar cire kayan abu da ingancin rami.Ainihin, bugun jini na farko yana cire abu daga saman kuma na biyu yana hana fitar da fitar da mannewa gefen rami ko yanke.[18].
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-16-2022