Mai ɗaure

A fastener (US English) ko fastening (Birtaniya Turanci) [1] na'ura ce ta kayan aiki da ke haɗawa ko haɗa abubuwa biyu ko fiye tare.Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da manne don ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa marasa dindindin;wato gabobin da ake iya cirewa ko kuma a wargaje su ba tare da lalata abubuwan da ake hadawa ba[2].Welding misali ne na ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa na dindindin.Ana yin gyare-gyaren karfe da bakin karfe, carbon karfe, ko karfen gami.

Sauran hanyoyin haɗa kayan sun haɗa da: crimping, waldi, soldering, brazing, taping, gluing, siminti, ko amfani da wasu manne.Hakanan ana iya amfani da ƙarfi, kamar maganadisu, injin ruwa (kamar kofuna na tsotsa), ko ma gogayya (kamar faifan manne).Wasu nau'ikan haɗin gwiwar katako suna amfani da abubuwan ƙarfafawa daban-daban na ciki, irin su dowels ko biscuits, waɗanda a cikin ma'ana ana iya ɗaukar su a cikin iyakokin tsarin haɗin gwiwa, kodayake a kan nasu ba su da maƙasudin manufa na gaba ɗaya.

Kayan da aka kawo a cikin fakitin fakiti sau da yawa suna amfani da dowels na cam ɗin da aka kulle ta hanyar makullin cam, wanda kuma aka sani da masu ɗamara.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da manne don rufe akwati kamar jaka, akwati, ko ambulan;ko kuma suna iya haɗawa da haɗa gefen buɗaɗɗen kayan sassauƙa, haɗa murfi zuwa akwati, da sauransu. Hakanan akwai na'urorin rufewa na musamman, misali shirin burodi.

Ana iya amfani da abubuwa kamar igiya, kirtani, waya, kebul, sarka, ko naɗin filastik don haɗa abubuwa da injina;amma ba gaba ɗaya ba a rarraba su azaman masu ɗaure saboda suna da ƙarin amfani gama gari.Hakazalika, hinges da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na iya haɗa abubuwa tare, amma galibi ba a ɗaukar su a matsayin masu ɗaure saboda babban manufarsu ita ce ba da izinin yin magana maimakon tsagewa.

Masana'antu

A cikin 2005, an ƙiyasta cewa masana'antar fastener ta Amurka tana gudanar da masana'anta 350 kuma tana ɗaukar ma'aikata 40,000.Masana'antar tana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da kera motoci, jiragen sama, na'urori, injinan noma, ginin kasuwanci, da ababen more rayuwa.Fiye da na'urori biliyan 200 ana amfani da su a kowace shekara a Amurka, biliyan 26 daga cikin waɗannan masana'antar kera motoci.Mafi girman masu rarraba kayan haɗin gwiwa a Arewacin Amurka shine Kamfanin Fastenal.[3]

Kayayyaki

Akwai manyan layukan karafa guda uku da ake amfani da su a masana'antu: bakin karfe, karfen carbon, da karfen gami.Babban darajar da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin maɗauran bakin karfe: jerin 200, jerin 300, da jerin 400.Titanium, aluminium, da allurai iri-iri suma kayan aikin gama-gari ne na ginin ƙarfe.A lokuta da yawa, ana iya yin amfani da sutura na musamman ko plating akan tarkace na ƙarfe don haɓaka halayen aikinsu ta, misali, haɓaka juriyar lalata.Tufafi/platings na gama-gari sun haɗa da zinc, chrome, da galvanizing mai zafi mai zafi.[4]

Aikace-aikace

Lokacin zabar abin ɗamara don aikace-aikacen masana'antu, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da dalilai daban-daban.Za a yi la'akari da zaren zaren, nauyin da aka yi amfani da shi a kan na'urar, da taurin na'urar, da adadin abubuwan da ake bukata.

Lokacin zabar abin ɗamara don aikace-aikacen da aka bayar, yana da mahimmanci a san takamaiman ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikacen don taimakawa zaɓin kayan da ya dace don amfanin da aka yi niyya.Abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la'akari sun haɗa da:

Dama

Muhalli, gami da zafin jiki, bayyanar ruwa, da abubuwa masu yuwuwar lalatawa

Tsarin shigarwa

Abubuwan da za a haɗa

Maimaituwa

Ƙuntataccen nauyi[5] Matsayin ASME B18 akan wasu masu ɗaure

Societyungiyar Injin Injiniya ta Amurka (ASME) tana buga Ma'auni da yawa akan na'urorin haɗi.Wasu su ne:

B18.3 Socket Cap, Kafada, Saita Skru, da Maɓallan Hex (Jerin Inch)

B18.6.1 Itace Sukurori (Jerin Inchi)

B18.6.2 Ramin Gilashin Kai, Madaidaitan Saitin Screws, Da Matsakaicin Saitin Saiti (Sen inch)

B18.6.3 Machine Screws, Tapping Screws, and Metallic Drive Screws (Inch Series)

B18.18 Ingancin Tabbacin Ga Masu Fasteners

B18.24 Sashe na Gano Lamba (PIN) Matsayin Tsarin Code don Samfuran Fastener B18

Don kayan aikin soja

Screws, bolts, da goro na Amurka a tarihi ba su da cikakkiyar musanyawa da takwarorinsu na Biritaniya, don haka ba za su dace da kayan Birtaniyya da kyau ba.Wannan, a wani ɓangare, ya taimaka haifar da haɓaka ƙa'idodin soja na Amurka da yawa da ƙayyadaddun bayanai don kera kowane yanki na kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don dalilai na soja ko na tsaro, gami da ɗakuna.Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya kasance muhimmin al’amari a wannan canji.

Babban ɓangaren mafi yawan ma'auni na soja shine ganowa.A taƙaice, masu kera kayan masarufi dole ne su iya gano kayansu zuwa tushensu, kuma su ba da damar gano sassansu da ke shiga sarkar samar da kayayyaki, galibi ta hanyar lambobin mashaya ko makamantan su.An yi nufin wannan ganowa don taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da sassan da suka dace kuma an cika ka'idodin inganci a kowane mataki na tsarin masana'antu;Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan sassa na iya komawa zuwa tushensu.[7]