Ƙarfe dabarar gini ce tare da “firam ɗin kwarangwal” na ginshiƙan ƙarfe na tsaye da kuma kwancen I-beams, wanda aka gina a cikin grid na rectangular don tallafawa benaye, rufin da bangon ginin waɗanda duk ke haɗe da firam.Haɓaka wannan fasaha ya sa aikin ginin ginin ya yiwu.
Ƙarfe na birgima "bayanin martaba" ko ɓangaren giciye na ginshiƙan ƙarfe yana ɗaukar siffar harafin "I".Faɗin flange guda biyu na ginshiƙi sun fi kauri da faɗi fiye da flanges akan katako, don mafi kyawun jure damuwa a cikin tsarin.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da sassan tubular murabba'i da zagaye na karfe, galibi ana cika su da siminti.An haɗa katako na ƙarfe zuwa ginshiƙai tare da kusoshi da ƙugiya masu ɗaure, kuma an haɗa su ta tarihi ta rivets."Yanar gizo" na tsakiya na karfe I-beam sau da yawa ya fi fadi fiye da gidan yanar gizon ginshiƙi don tsayayya da lokacin lanƙwasa mafi girma da ke faruwa a cikin katako.
Za a iya amfani da faffadan fakitin bene na ƙarfe don rufe saman firam ɗin ƙarfe a matsayin “form” ko ƙwanƙwasa, a ƙasa da kauri na siminti da sanduna masu ƙarfafa ƙarfe.Wani mashahurin madadin shi ne bene na raka'o'in bene da aka riga aka rigaya tare da wani nau'i na topping.Sau da yawa a cikin gine-ginen ofis, filin bene na ƙarshe yana ba da wani nau'i na tsarin shimfidar bene mai tasowa tare da maras kyau tsakanin filin tafiya da tsarin tsarin da ake amfani da su don igiyoyi da iskar gas.
Ana buƙatar kariyar firam ɗin daga wuta saboda ƙarfe yana yin laushi a yanayin zafi mai yawa kuma hakan na iya sa ginin ya ruguje.A cikin yanayin ginshiƙai ana yin hakan ta hanyar sanya shi a cikin wani nau'i na tsarin da ba a iya jurewa wuta kamar masonry, siminti ko plasterboard.Ana iya sanya katako a cikin siminti, filasta ko fesa shi da abin rufe fuska don kare shi daga zafin wuta ko kuma ana iya kiyaye shi ta hanyar ginin rufin da ke jure wuta.Asbestos sanannen abu ne don hana kayan ƙarfe na wuta har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, kafin a fahimci haɗarin lafiyar asbestos.
"Fatar" na waje na ginin an kafa shi zuwa firam ta amfani da fasahohin gine-gine iri-iri da bin nau'ikan tsarin gine-gine iri-iri.An yi amfani da tubali, dutse, ƙarfafan kankare, gilashin gine-gine, ƙarfe da fenti kawai don rufe firam don kare ƙarfe daga yanayi.
Sanyi-kafa Karfe Frames kuma aka sani da nauyi karfe Framing (LSF).
Sirinkin zanen gado na galvanized karfe za a iya zama sanyi kafa cikin karfe studs don amfani a matsayin tsari ko maras gini abu ga duka waje da bangare bango a duka na zama, kasuwanci da kuma masana'antu gine gine (hoto).Girman dakin an kafa shi tare da waƙa a kwance wanda aka kafa zuwa ƙasa da rufi don zayyana kowane ɗaki.An jera sandunan tsaye a cikin waƙoƙin, yawanci a nisanta inci 16 (410 mm), kuma an ɗaure su a sama da ƙasa.
Bayanan martaba na yau da kullun da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ginin zama shine ingarma ta C-siffa da waƙar U-dimbin yawa, da sauran bayanan martaba iri-iri.Gabaɗaya ana samar da membobin ƙira a cikin kauri daga ma'auni 12 zuwa 25.Ana amfani da ma'auni masu nauyi, kamar ma'auni na 12 da 14, yayin da nauyin axial (daidai da tsayin memba) ya yi girma, kamar a cikin gini mai ɗaukar kaya.Ma'auni masu nauyi, irin su ma'auni 16 da 18, ana amfani da su sosai lokacin da babu nauyin axial amma nauyi mai nauyi na gefe (daidai ga memba) kamar bangon bango na waje wanda ke buƙatar tsayayya da iskar guguwa tare da bakin teku.Ana amfani da ma'aunin haske, kamar ma'auni 25, inda babu kayan axial da kaya masu nauyi sosai kamar a cikin ginin ciki inda membobin ke aiki azaman tsarar bangon bango tsakanin ɗakuna.Ƙarshen bangon an haɗa shi zuwa ɓangarorin flange biyu na ingarma, wanda ya bambanta daga 1+1⁄4 zuwa 3 inci (32 zuwa 76 mm) lokacin farin ciki, kuma faɗin gidan yanar gizo daga 1+5⁄8 zuwa 14 inci (41) ku 356 mm).Ana cire sassan rectangular daga gidan yanar gizon don samar da damar yin amfani da wutar lantarki.
Ƙarfe Mills samar galvanized sheet karfe, tushe abu ga yi na sanyi-kafa karfe profiles.Ƙarfe ɗin takarda ana narkar da shi zuwa bayanan martaba na ƙarshe da aka yi amfani da shi don tsarawa.An lulluɓe da zanen gadon tutiya (galvanized) don hana oxidation da lalata.Ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana ba da kyakkyawan sassaucin ƙira saboda girman ƙarfin ƙarfi-da nauyi na ƙarfe, wanda ke ba shi damar yin nisa mai nisa, kuma yana tsayayya da nauyin iska da girgizar ƙasa.
Za a iya tsara ganuwar da aka yi da ƙarfe don ba da kyakkyawan yanayin zafi da kayan sauti - ɗaya daga cikin ƙayyadaddun la'akari lokacin ginawa ta yin amfani da ƙarfe mai sanyi shine cewa haɗin ginin zafi zai iya faruwa a fadin tsarin bangon tsakanin yanayin waje da sararin samaniya.Za'a iya kiyaye gadar zafi ta hanyar shigar da rufin rufin da aka gyara a waje tare da keɓancewar ƙarfe - yawanci ana kiranta da 'karshen zafi'.
Tazarar da ke tsakanin inci shine yawanci inci 16 akan tsakiya don bangon gida na waje da na ciki ya danganta da buƙatun ƙira.A cikin ɗakunan ofis ɗin tazarar inci 24 ne (610 mm) akan tsakiya don duk bangon ban da rijiyoyin hawa da matakala.
Yin amfani da ƙarfe maimakon ƙarfe don dalilai na tsari ya kasance a hankali da farko.Ginin farko da aka yi da ƙarfe, Ditherington Flax Mill, an gina shi a cikin 1797, amma sai da aka haɓaka tsarin Bessemer a 1855 aka samar da ƙarfe mai inganci don ƙarfe ya zama kayan da ake amfani da su sosai.Ƙarfe mai arha, wanda ke da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da matsawa mai ƙarfi, da kyakyawan ductility, ana samun su ne daga kimanin shekara ta 1870, amma ƙarfe da aka yi da simintin gyare-gyare ya ci gaba da gamsar da mafi yawan buƙatun kayan gini na ƙarfe, saboda matsalolin samar da ƙarfe daga ma'adinan alkaline.Sidney Gilchrist Thomas ne ya magance waɗannan matsalolin, musamman saboda kasancewar phosphorus, a cikin 1879.
Sai a shekara ta 1880 ne aka fara zamanin gine-gine bisa amintaccen ƙarfe mai laushi.A wannan kwanan wata ingancin karafa da ake samarwa ya zama daidai gwargwado.[1]
Ginin Inshorar Gida, wanda aka kammala a shekara ta 1885, shine farkon wanda ya fara amfani da ginin firam ɗin kwarangwal, wanda ya cire gaba ɗaya aikin ɗaukar kaya na katakon katako.A wannan yanayin ginshiƙan baƙin ƙarfe suna cikin bango ne kawai, kuma nauyin ɗaukar nauyinsu ya bayyana ya zama na biyu ga ƙarfin masonry, musamman don nauyin iska.A Amurka, ginin farko da aka ƙera ƙarfe shine Ginin Rand McNally a Chicago, wanda aka gina a 1890.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-06-2022