Ginin da aka riga aka tsara

Ginin da aka riga aka tsara

Ginin da aka riga aka kera, wanda ba bisa ka'ida ba, gini ne da aka kera shi da kuma gina shi ta amfani da riga-kafi.Ya ƙunshi abubuwan da masana'anta suka yi ko raka'a waɗanda ake jigilar su kuma a haɗa su a kan wurin don samar da cikakken ginin.

An gina gine-gine a wuri guda kuma an sake haɗa su a wani cikin tarihi.Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga ayyukan hannu, ko don sababbin ƙauyuka.Elmina Castle, sansanin bawa na farko a yammacin Afirka, shi ne ginin farko na Turai da aka kera a yankin kudu da hamadar sahara.[1] da sauri tarwatsa kuma motsi aƙalla sau ɗaya.John Rollo ya bayyana a cikin 1801 a baya amfani da gine-ginen asibiti masu ɗaukar hoto a cikin Yammacin Indies.[2]Wataƙila gidan farko da aka fara talla shine "Manning cottage".Wani kafinta a Landan, Henry Manning, ya gina wani gida da aka gina a cikin sassa, sannan turawa da kuma haɗa shi da baƙi na Burtaniya.An buga wannan a lokacin (talla, Rikodin Kudancin Australiya, 1837) kuma kaɗan har yanzu suna tsaye a Ostiraliya.[3]Ɗayan irin wannan shine Gidan Taron Abokai, Adelaide.[4][5]Shekarar koli na shigo da gine-gine masu ɗaukuwa zuwa Ostiraliya ita ce 1853, lokacin da ɗaruruwa suka isa.An gano waɗannan suna zuwa daga Liverpool, Boston da Singapore (tare da umarnin Sinanci don sake taro).[6]A Barbados gidan Chattel wani nau'i ne na ginin da aka riga aka kera wanda ƴantattun bayi suka ɓullo da su waɗanda ke da iyakacin haƙƙin gini a kan ƙasar da ba su mallaka ba.Kamar yadda gine-ginen ke tafiya, an ɗauke su bisa doka a matsayin abin tattaunawa[7].

A cikin 1855 lokacin Yaƙin Crimean, bayan Florence Nightingale ta rubuta wasiƙar zuwa The Times, Isambard Kingdom Brunel an ba da izini don tsara wani asibiti na zamani.A cikin watanni biyar ya kera Asibitin Renkioi: asibitin marasa lafiya 1,000, tare da sabbin abubuwa na tsafta, iska da bandaki.[8]Mai masana'anta William Eassie ya gina raka'a 16 da ake buƙata a Gloucester Docks, wanda aka tura kai tsaye zuwa Dardanelles.An yi amfani da shi kawai daga Maris 1856 zuwa Satumba 1857, ya rage yawan mutuwar daga 42% zuwa 3.5%.

An fara keɓancewa na farko a duniya, rukunin gidaje da aka riga aka yi simintin gyare-gyare a Liverpool.Injiniyan birni John Alexander Brodie ne ya ƙirƙiro wani tsari, wanda gwanin ƙirƙira shi ma ya sa ya ƙirƙira ragar ƙwallon ƙafa.Tashar jiragen ruwa a Walton a Liverpool ya biyo baya a cikin 1906. Ba a yarda da ra'ayin sosai a Biritaniya ba, amma an karbe shi sosai a wasu wurare, musamman a Gabashin Turai.

An samar da gidajen da aka riga aka kera a lokacin Gold Rush a Amurka, lokacin da aka samar da kayan aiki don baiwa masu neman California damar gina matsuguni cikin sauri.Ana samun gidaje a cikin nau'in kit ta hanyar wasiku a cikin Amurka a cikin 1908.[9]

Gidajen da aka riga aka kera sun shahara a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu saboda buƙatar masaukin jama'a ga jami'an soji.Amurka ta yi amfani da bukkoki na Quonset a matsayin gine-ginen soja, kuma a cikin Biritaniya da aka kera gine-ginen da aka yi amfani da su sun hada da bukkokin Nissen da Bellman Hangars.An gina 'Prefabs' bayan yakin a matsayin hanyar samar da gidaje masu inganci cikin sauri da arha a matsayin maye gurbin gidajen da aka lalata a lokacin Blitz.Yaɗuwar gidajen da aka riga aka keɓance a duk faɗin ƙasar ya kasance sakamakon Kwamitin Burt da Dokar Gidaje (Gidajen Gida) na 1944. A ƙarƙashin shirin Ma'aikatar Ayyuka na gaggawa Factory Made gidaje, an zana ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun gini da masana'antu masu zaman kansu daban-daban. kamfanoni.Bayan amincewa da MoW, kamfanoni za su iya yin tayin kan tsare-tsaren ci gaba na Majalisar, wanda ya haifar da dukkanin gine-ginen gine-ginen da aka gina don samar da masauki ga waɗanda yakin basasa da kuma ci gaba da ba da izini.[10]Kusan 160,000 an gina su a Burtaniya a shekarar 1948 akan kudi kusan fam miliyan 216.The most prefab estate in Britain[11] was at Belle Vale (South Liverpool), inda fiye da 1,100 aka gina bayan Yaƙin Duniya na 2. An rusa gidan a cikin 1960s a cikin rigima da yawa kamar yadda prefab ɗin ya kasance sananne sosai ga mazauna wurin. lokaci.
Amersham Prefab (COAM) -ɗakin gaba yana nuna ƙaƙƙarfan wutar mai
Prefabs an yi niyya ne ga iyalai, kuma yawanci suna da zauren shiga, dakuna biyu (iyaye da yara), gidan wanka (daki mai wanka) - wanda ya kasance sabon sabon salo ga yawancin 'yan Burtaniya a wancan lokacin, bandaki daban, falo. da kayan dafa abinci (ba a haɗa shi da ma'anar zamani ba).Kayayyakin gine-gine sun haɗa da ƙarfe, aluminum, katako ko asbestos, dangane da nau'in mazaunin.An samar da na'urar buƙatun aluminum Type B2 a matsayin sassa huɗu da aka riga aka haɗa waɗanda za a iya jigilar su ta hanyar mota a ko'ina cikin ƙasar.[12]
Amersham Prefab's Kitchen (COAM) - yana nuna mai dafa abinci, Ascot wash hita da fridge
Gidan Universal (hoton hagu & ɗakin cin abinci na dama) an ba shi ga Gidan kayan tarihi na Chiltern Open Air bayan shekaru 40 na wucin gadi.Kamfanin Universal Housing Company Ltd, Rickmansworth ne ya kera Mark 3.

{Asar Amirka ta yi amfani da gidajen da aka riga aka kera don sojoji a lokacin yakin da kuma GI da ke komawa gida.Azuzuwan Prefab sun shahara tare da makarantun Burtaniya suna haɓaka guraben karatu yayin haɓakar jarirai na 1950s da 1960s.

An tsara gine-gine da yawa tare da tsawon shekaru biyar na rayuwa, amma sun wuce wannan, tare da adadin da suka tsira a yau.A cikin 2002, alal misali, birnin Bristol har yanzu yana da mazauna da ke zaune a cikin misalan 700.[13]Majalisun Burtaniya da yawa sun kasance suna kan aiwatar da ruguza misalan da suka tsira na ƙarshe na shirye-shiryen yaƙin duniya na biyu don yin biyayya ga ƙa'idar Decent Homes Standard na gwamnatin Biritaniya, wanda ya fara aiki a cikin 2010. Duk da haka, an sami farfadowa na baya-bayan nan a cikin hanyoyin da aka riga aka kera. na gine-gine domin a biya diyya ga ƙarancin gidaje na Burtaniya a halin yanzu.

Prefabs da motsi na zamani

Masu gine-gine suna haɗa ƙirar zamani a cikin gidajen da aka riga aka keɓance na yau.Bai kamata a sake kwatanta gidajen da aka riga aka gina da gidan tafi da gidanka ta fuskar kamanni ba, amma da na rikitacciyar ƙira ta zamani.[14]Hakanan an sami karuwar amfani da kayan "kore" wajen gina waɗannan gidajen da aka riga aka gina.Masu amfani za su iya zaɓe cikin sauƙi tsakanin ƙa'idodin kare muhalli daban-daban da tsarin bango.Tun da an gina waɗannan gidaje a sassa, yana da sauƙi ga mai gida ya ƙara ƙarin ɗakuna ko ma hasken rana zuwa rufin.Yawancin gidajen da aka riga aka tsara za a iya keɓance su zuwa takamaiman wurin abokin ciniki da yanayi, suna sa gidajen da aka riga aka tsara su fi sauƙi da zamani fiye da da.

Akwai zeitgeist ko Trend a cikin da'irori na gine-gine da kuma ruhun zamanin yana son ƙaramin sawun carbon na "prefab".

inganci
Tsarin gina gine-ginen da aka riga aka kera ya yi tasiri sosai a kasar Sin, wanda ya sa wani magini a Changsha ya gina bene mai hawa goma cikin sa'o'i 28 da mintuna 45.[15][16]

A kasashen gurguzu
Yawancin kasashen gabashin Turai sun yi fama da lahani a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma tattalin arzikinsu na cikin mawuyacin hali.Akwai bukatar sake gina garuruwan da aka yi barna sosai sakamakon yakin.Misali, a zahiri an yi wa Warsaw rusa kasa a karkashin shirin halaka Warsaw da sojojin Jamus suka yi bayan tashin Warsaw na 1944.An lalata tsakiyar Dresden, Jamus gaba ɗaya ta hanyar harin bam na Allied na 1945.An lalata Stalingrad da yawa kuma an bar wasu ƙananan gine-gine a tsaye.

Gine-ginen da aka riga aka kera sun kasance hanya mai sauƙi kuma mai sauri don rage ɗimbin ƙarancin gidaje da ke da alaƙa da lalata lokacin yaƙi da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙauyuka da jirgin ƙauyuka.