Gabatarwar allon madaidaicin madauri

Gabatarwar allon madaidaicin madauri

Allon madaurin daidaitacce

Daidaitaccen allo (OSB) wani nau'in itace ne da aka ƙera kwatankwacin allo, wanda aka samo shi ta hanyar ƙara adhesives sannan kuma damfara yadudduka na igiyoyin itace (flakes) a cikin takamaiman fuskantarwa.Armin Elmendorf ne ya ƙirƙira shi a California a cikin 1963.[1]OSB na iya samun m da bambance-bambancen farfajiya tare da kowane yanki na kusan 2.5 cm × 15 cm (1.0 ta 5.9 inci), kwance ba daidai ba a tsakanin juna, kuma ana samarwa a cikin nau'ikan iri da kauri iri-iri.

Amfani
OSB wani abu ne da ke da kyawawan kaddarorin inji wanda ya sa ya dace musamman don aikace-aikacen ɗaukar kaya a cikin gini.[2]Yanzu ya fi shahara fiye da plywood, yana ba da umarni kashi 66% na kasuwar tsarin tsarin Arewacin Amurka.[3]Abubuwan da aka fi amfani dasu sune kamar sheathing a bango, bene, da bene na rufin.Don aikace-aikacen bango na waje, ana samun bangarori tare da shinge mai shinge mai haske wanda aka lakafta zuwa gefe ɗaya;wannan yana sauƙaƙe shigarwa kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin aikin ginin ginin.Hakanan ana amfani da OSB wajen samar da kayan daki.

Manufacturing
An kera allon madaidaicin madaidaicin tabarmi mai faɗi daga siraran sirara masu kai-tsaye, filayen katako na rectangular da aka matsa kuma an haɗa su tare da kakin zuma da adhesives na resin roba.

Nau'in resins na manne da aka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da: urea-formaldehyde (nau'in OSB 1, marasa tsari, rashin ruwa);manne na tushen isocyanate (ko PMDI poly-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate tushen) a cikin yankuna na ciki tare da melamine-urea-formaldehyde ko phenol formaldehyde resin glues a farfajiya (nau'in OSB 2, tsari, mai jure ruwa akan fuska);phenol formaldehyde resin a ko'ina (Nau'in OSB 3 da 4, tsarin, don amfani a cikin damp da waje muhalli).[4]

Ana ƙirƙirar yadudduka ta hanyar yayyafa itacen zuwa ɗigo, wanda aka niƙa sa'an nan kuma ya daidaita akan bel ko igiya.Ana yin tabarmar a cikin layi mai ƙira.Gilashin katako a kan yadudduka na waje suna daidaitawa zuwa ga ƙarfin ƙarfin panel, yayin da yadudduka na ciki suna tsaye.Adadin yadudduka da aka sanya an ƙaddara wani sashi ta kauri na panel, amma an iyakance shi ta kayan aikin da aka shigar a wurin masana'anta.Yadudduka guda ɗaya kuma na iya bambanta da kauri don ba da kauri daban-daban da aka gama (yawanci, Layer 15 cm (5.9 a) zai samar da kauri na 15 mm (0.59 in) [aƙaddamar da ake buƙata]).Ana sanya tabarma a cikin latsa mai zafi don damfara flakes kuma a haɗa su ta hanyar kunna zafi da kuma warkar da resin da aka lulluɓe akan flakes.Ana yanke fafuna guda ɗaya daga tabarma zuwa girman da aka gama.Yawancin OSB na duniya ana yin su ne a cikin Amurka da Kanada a cikin manyan wuraren samarwa.

Samfura masu alaƙa
An yi amfani da kayan da ba itace ba don samar da samfuran kama da OSB.Daidaitaccen tsarin bambaro jirgi ne na injiniya wanda aka yi ta hanyar tsaga bambaro kuma an samar da shi ta hanyar ƙara adhesives na P-MDI sannan kuma zazzage yadudduka na bambaro a cikin takamaiman yanayin.[5].Hakanan za'a iya yin katakon igiya daga bagasse.

Production
A cikin 2005, samar da Kanada ya kasance 10,500,000 m2 (113,000,000 sq ft) (3⁄8 a cikin ko tushen 9.53 mm) wanda 8,780,000 m2 (94,500,000 sq ft) (3⁄8 a cikin ko 9.53 mm gabaɗayan Amurka) an fitar da su gaba ɗaya. [6]A cikin 2014, Romania ta zama ƙasa mafi girma na OSB a Turai, tare da 28% na fitarwa zuwa Rasha da 16% zuwa Ukraine.

Kayayyaki
gyare-gyare ga tsarin masana'antu na iya rinjayar kauri, girman panel, ƙarfi, da rigidity.Bankunan OSB ba su da giɓi ko ɓoyayyen ciki, kuma suna iya zama mai jure ruwa, kodayake suna buƙatar ƙarin membranes don cimma rashin ƙarfi ga ruwa kuma ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da waje ba.Samfurin da aka gama yana da kaddarorin kama da plywood, amma iri ɗaya ne kuma mai rahusa.[8]Lokacin da aka gwada gazawar, OSB yana da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi fiye da fakitin itacen niƙa.[9]Ya maye gurbin plywood a cikin mahalli da yawa, musamman kasuwar rukunin tsarin Arewacin Amurka.

Yayin da OSB ba shi da ci gaba da hatsi kamar itace na halitta, yana da axis wanda ƙarfinsa ya fi girma.Ana iya ganin wannan ta hanyar lura da daidaitawar katakon katako na saman.

Za'a iya yanke duk bangarorin amfani da tsarin tushen itace tare da nau'ikan kayan aiki iri ɗaya kamar na katako mai ƙarfi.

Lafiya da aminci
Resins da aka yi amfani da su don ƙirƙirar OSB sun tayar da tambayoyi game da yuwuwar OSB don fitar da mahaɗan maras tabbas kamar formaldehyde.Urea-formaldehyde ya fi guba kuma ya kamata a guji shi a cikin gida.Ana ɗaukar samfuran phenol-formaldehyde a matsayin marasa haɗari.Wasu sababbin nau'ikan OSB, waɗanda ake kira "sabon-ƙarni" OSB panels, suna amfani da resins na isocyanate waɗanda ba su ƙunshi formaldehyde ba kuma ana ɗaukar su marasa ƙarfi idan an warke.[10]Ƙungiyoyin kasuwancin masana'antu sun tabbatar da cewa iskar formaldehyde daga Arewacin Amirka OSB "babu ko babu"[11].

Wasu masana'antun suna kula da guntuwar itace tare da mahaɗan borate daban-daban waɗanda ke da guba ga tururuwa, beetles masu ban sha'awa, ƙwayoyin cuta, da fungi, amma ba dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin allurai masu amfani ba.

Nau'ukan
An bayyana maki biyar na OSB a cikin EN 300 dangane da aikin injin su da juriya ga danshi:[2]

OSB/0 - Babu ƙarin formaldehyde
OSB / 1 - Gabaɗaya allo da allunan don kayan dacewa na ciki (ciki har da kayan daki) don amfani a cikin yanayin bushewa
OSB / 2 - Allunan masu ɗaukar kaya don amfani a cikin yanayin bushe
OSB/3 - Allunan masu ɗaukar kaya don amfani a cikin yanayin ɗanɗano
OSB/4 - Allunan masu ɗaukar nauyi masu nauyi don amfani a cikin yanayin ɗanɗano