A tushe,
Yana nufin mamba mai ɗaukar nauyi a ƙasan ginin da ke hulɗa da tushe, kai tsaye tare da tushe na ƙananan haɓakar tsarin da ake amfani da shi don canja wurin kaya.Ayyukansa shine don canja wurin kaya daga ɓangaren sama na ginin zuwa tushe.Don haka dole ne tushe ya kasance mai ƙarfi, tsayayye kuma abin dogaro.Memba na tsarin da ke ƙasa da matakin ƙasa da ake amfani da shi don canja wurin manyan kayan aiki zuwa tushe.
Na biyu, ginannen ciki
Farar hula ko yawanci kuna yi ne a lokacin kafuwar, don daga baya tsarin shigarwa ko na'urar ta dace, bisa la'akari da lokacin da ake aiwatar da ainihin ɓangaren tushen kayan aiki, ko anchor bolt, ko a cikin tsarin ƙarfe na taimako da farko sa wannan tushe bayan ya ƙare, zai iya sauƙi sannan kayan aikin da aka gyara akan allon da aka saka ko sassa, waɗanda ke da yawa a aikin injiniya.
Uku, ginshiƙai
A cikin aikin injiniya tsarin, yafi bear matsa lamba, wani lokacin kuma kai lankwasawa lokacin tsaye sanda, amfani da su goyi bayan biam, trusses, benaye, da dai sauransu The sashe siffofin suna classified a matsayin square shafi, shafi, bututu shafi, rectangular shafi, I-dimbin yawa shafi, H. ginshiƙi mai siffa, ginshiƙin T-dimbin yawa, ginshiƙin L-dimbin yawa, ginshiƙan giciye, ginshiƙi biyu, ginshiƙan lattice;Rukunin wani ɓangare ne mai mahimmanci na tsarin, lalatawar ginshiƙi zai haifar da lalacewa da rushewar dukan tsarin.
Shafi mai zaman kanta yana ƙarƙashin ginawa, ginshiƙan ginshiƙan babban tsarin ɗaukar nauyi wanda ke ƙaruwa da kwanciyar hankali na ginshiƙan ginin bangon ginin, shafi na iska, kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, babban tasirin iska, amma kuma yana da tasirin anti vibration da ƙarfafawa. kwanciyar hankali, tare da gable do monolithic bango yana da tsayi sosai, don ƙarfafa kwanciyar hankali kuma tare da nauyin iska / girgizar ƙasa, don kauce wa rashin kwanciyar hankali na gables.Rukunin firam da ginshiƙi mai zaman kansa ginshiƙin tsari ne mai ɗaukar nauyi, ana amfani da ginshiƙin firam don tsarin firam ko ɓangaren tsarin ginshiƙi mai ɗaukar nauyi, ta hanyar firam ɗin da ci gaba da katako da aka haɗa tare.
Hudu, goyan bayan shafi
1. Matsayin goyon bayan shafi: don tabbatar da cikakken kwanciyar hankali da tsayin daka na kwarangwal na shuka;A matsayin goyon baya na gefe na ginshiƙi don ƙayyade tsayin ƙididdiga na ginshiƙi a waje da filin jirgin sama;Ɗauki nauyin kwance mai kaifi a tsaye daga masana'anta, galibi nauyin iska
Ka'idar zane: ka'idar goyon baya mai sassauƙa shine cewa dole ne a tayar da ƙarfe na zagaye (matakin tashin hankali na zagaye na ƙarfe yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙugiya a waje da jirgin sama), ta yadda zai iya canja wurin ƙarfin kwance na tsaye, ba shakka. , idan ba a tayar da hankali ba, wannan zai shafi gaba ɗaya taurin da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin;Amma ga tallafi da yawa a cikin rukunin tsarin, wanda aka ƙaddara ta ƙarfin kwance mai tsayi, diamita na sandar ƙarfe da ƙa'idar shimfidawa;Girman girman zagaye na karfe yana ƙaddara ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyin da goyon baya.A bayyane yake cewa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfe ba su da iyaka (babu buƙatar duba ƙimar slenderness, idan dai ƙarfin ƙarfi ya cika buƙatun)
Biyar, katako
Taimakawa da goyan baya, ƙarfin waje shine galibin ƙarfi na gefe da ƙarfi, kuma babban ɓangaren nakasa ana kiransa katako.
1. Dangane da aiki, akwai ginshiƙai na tsari, irin su katako na tushe da katako na katako (KL) yana nufin katako da aka haɗa tare da ginshiƙan firam (KZ) a ƙarshen duka biyu, ko kuma katako da aka haɗa tare da bangon shear. a duka iyakar amma tare da nisa tsakanin tsayin da ba kasa da 5m ba).Da sauran sassa na tsaye kamar ginshiƙai da ganuwar masu ɗaukar kaya tare suna samar da tsarin tsarin sararin samaniya;Akwai ginshiƙai na tsarin, irin su zobe na zobe, katako na lintel, haɗa katako da sauransu, don tsage juriya, juriya na girgizar kasa, kwanciyar hankali da sauran tasirin tsarin.Haɗin haɗin gwiwa shine haɗin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin membobin tsarin, aikin shine haɓaka amincin tsarin.Ana amfani da katako mai haɗawa galibi don haɗa firam guda ɗaya don ƙara taurin ginin.Haɗin katako ba zai ɗauki wasu lodi ba sai nauyin nauyi na kansa da nauyin ɓangaren ɓangaren sama.
2, katako bisa ga sigar sashe, ana iya raba shi zuwa: katako na sashin rectangular, T sashe katako, katakon sashin giciye, katako mai siffar I-dimbin yawa, katakon sashin U, katako na sashe mara daidaituwa.
3, katako daidai da sassa daban-daban na gidan, ana iya raba shi zuwa: rufin rufin, katako na bene, katako na karkashin kasa, katako na tushe.(Bim ɗin rufin yana nufin babban memba na tsarin a cikin tsarin rufin wanda ke ɗaukar matsin lamba daga purlins da rukunan rufin.)
shida, purlin
Babban purlin yana haɗe zuwa rufin rufin bangon bangon bango na waje, kuma ana amfani da purlin na biyu don haɗa rufin da bangon bangon waje zuwa tsarin tushe.C/Z nau'in karfe ana amfani dashi a gine-ginen tsarin karfe na zamani.Ana amfani da purlins na ƙarfe na nau'in Z don gina kayan aikin ƙarfe, waɗanda ke da mafi kyawun sassan tallafi na ciki na tsarin ƙarfe.Babban purlins an haɗa su zuwa rufin rufin ginin bangon bango na waje, kuma ana amfani da purlins na biyu don haɗa rufin da bangon bangon waje zuwa tsarin tushe.
Bakwai, purlin
A ƙarshen kawai tallafin purlin ko cinyar ci gaba da purlin, ɓangarorin purlin na iya hana purlin yadda ya kamata daga karkata ko karkatarwa a goyan bayan.Baƙaƙen ɓangarorin yawanci ana yin su ne da Angle ko farantin faranti tare da faranti na tsaye kusan 3/4 na tsayi kuma an kulle su zuwa purlins.
Takwas, ja
Ingantacciyar kwanciyar hankali purlin.Tsawon sandar jan ƙarfe gabaɗaya zagaye ne da diamita wanda bai gaza 10mm ba.Zane yana da alaƙa da tazarar purlin.Lokacin da tazarar purlin ya kasance 4m ~ 6m, ya dace a saita zane tsakanin tazarar purlin.Lokacin da tazarar ta fi 6m, ya kamata a saita zane a kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tazarar purlin.A cikin babban bangon bango ya kamata a saita shi a cikin kebul ɗin ja zuwa ginshiƙi mai ɗaukar nauyi ko bangon bango;Lokacin da nauyin tsaye na bangon bango yana watsawa zuwa ƙasa ko joists a hanyar da ta dace, ba a buƙatar tsiri mai ja.Za a haɗa ƙullun tare da tsattsauran ramuka.Gabaɗaya tsaunin suna tsakanin tsayin 1/3 na gidan yanar gizo na babban flange na purlin.
Tara, takalmin gyaran gwiwa
Ƙunƙarar ƙafar kusurwa ita ce sandar goyan baya tsakanin katako da ginshiƙi, katako da purlin, shafi da purlin a kusurwar gefe.Ana kiran bangon goyon bayan kusurwar bango, ana kiran rufin goyon bayan kusurwar rufin.
Matsayi: [1]: Domin tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali daga cikin jirgin, rage tsawon lissafin abin da ke cikin jirgin.Lokacin da ake buƙatar maki goyan bayan gefe don flange na ciki na katako da ginshiƙai, ana iya amfani da kayan kwalliya ko bangon bango da aka haɗa da flange na waje don samar da takalmin gyaran kafa na kusurwa.Goyan bayan kusurwa yakamata a yi shi da ƙarfe guda ɗaya kuma an tsara shi bisa ga membobin matsawa axial.
[2]: An ƙera shi don hana buckling da rashin kwanciyar hankali na flanges matsawa (ƙananan flanges na katako da ginshiƙan ciki na ginshiƙai) da haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na flanges matsawa.An tsara maƙallan don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na gida na ƙananan flange na katako a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.Ana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na gida na saman flange na katako ta hanyar purlins da aka haɗa da shi (dalilin: babban flange na katako shine yanki mai tsauri kuma babu wata matsala ta kwanciyar hankali. Amma gabaɗaya, sojojin gefe saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali na gida kaɗan ne, don haka ana iya amfani da purlins azaman memba don kiyaye flange.
Goma.Crane katako
Itacen da aka yi amfani da shi na musamman lodin crane a cikin bitar ana kiransa katakon crane kuma gabaɗaya ana shigar da shi a ɓangaren sama na bitar.
Ƙwallon ƙwarƙwarar ita ce shimfiɗar titin crane, kuma akwai hanyar motar crane a kan katako na crane, kuma crane yana gudu da baya a kan katakon crane ta hanyar.Sashin giciye na katako shine nau'in akwatin, wanda aka yi masa walda kuma an kafa shi;Hakanan akwai masu sauƙi, tare da gyare-gyaren walƙiya na bayanan martaba, gabaɗaya ƙarfafa siminti ko tsarin ƙarfe.
Goma sha ɗaya:Truss
Jirgin sama ko tsarin sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sanduna madaidaiciya, yawanci suna da abubuwa uku.A ƙarƙashin aikin lodi, membobin truss galibi suna ɗaukar tashin hankali axial ko matsa lamba, don yin cikakken amfani da ƙarfin kayan, adana kayan, rage mataccen nauyi da ƙara ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da ƙaƙƙarfan katako na ciki lokacin da tazara ya fi girma.Sabili da haka, ya dace da manyan sassa masu ɗaukar nauyin kaya da tsayin daka.
Isasshen ƙarfi - babu karaya ko nakasar filastik;Isasshen m - ba tare da wuce kima nakasawa;isasshen kwanciyar hankali - babu rushewa saboda canje-canje kwatsam a cikin nau'in daidaito;Kyakkyawan halaye masu ƙarfi - girgizar ƙasa da juriya na iska.Bukatun ƙirar Truss: don saduwa da buƙatun sanda;Samun haɗin kai mai kyau, gami da rivets, fil da haɗin gwiwar walda.
Goma sha biyu: Rufi
Rufin yakan haɗa da Layer na ruwa, katako, katako, bututun kayan aiki, rufin, da dai sauransu. Rufin rufin ba kawai kayan aiki ba ne, amma har ma da haɗin gwiwar da ke raba sararin samaniya da sararin samaniya.
Rufin shi ne mafi girman ɓangaren ginin ginin, ya kamata ya dace da bukatun aikin da ya dace, don ginin don samar da yanayin sararin samaniya mai dacewa.
Ayyukan rufi da buƙatun: rufin shine rufin mafi girma na gidan, wanda ya ƙunshi rufin da tsarin tallafi.Ayyukan shinge na rufin shine don hana mamayewar ruwan sama, dusar ƙanƙara da yashi na iska da kuma tasirin hasken rana.A gefe guda kuma, tana ɗaukar kaya daga saman rufin, ciki har da iska da dusar ƙanƙara, nauyin rufin da nauyin abubuwan da za a iya samu da kuma mutane, sannan ta wuce zuwa bango.Sabili da haka, abin da ake buƙata na rufin yana da ƙarfi kuma mai dorewa, tun da mahimmancin haske, tare da hana ruwa, wuta, adana zafi da aikin zafi.A lokaci guda, abubuwan da ake buƙata na sassa masu sauƙi, gine-gine masu dacewa, kuma ana iya haɗa su tare da ginin, tare da kyakkyawan bayyanar.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-17-2022